Thursday, April 01, 2004
By Hans Greimel, Associated Press
JEJU, South Korea — Dangerous dust storms in Asia have intensified
fivefold over the last half-century, posing health and economic
hazards as part of global trend toward bigger natural disasters,
the United Nations warned Wednesday.
The dust storms originate in the desert regions of Mongolia and,
increasingly, China, where 30 percent of the land is parched by
overfarming, overgrazing, deforestation, and changing weather patterns,
the U.N. Environment Program said.
The sands whip up as far away as the Korean Peninsula, Japan, and
the Pacific basin, for a combined economic loss of US$6.5 billion
a year, UNEP said.
Cities like Seoul become shrouded in a haze of yellow dust that
sometimes leaves a film of grit. In severe cases, it forces school
closures and airline cancelations, can disrupt communications, and
damages crops and livestock.
Unlike similar storms from Africa's remote Sahara Desert, the Asian
storms pose serious health risks because the dust particles pick
up toxic pollutants from Chinese industry.
During a South Korean dust storm in April 2002, dust levels reached
2,070 micrograms per cubic meter (cubic yard), twice the level deemed
hazardous to health, UNEP said.
Since the 1950s, the frequency of Asian sand storms has increased
five times, UNEP said. The Gobi Desert in China alone expanded by
52,400 square kilometers (20,232 square miles) from 1994 to 1999,
according to UNEP's GEO Global Year Book.
The new findings were released as environment ministers from around
the world gathered at a U.N. environment summit aimed at sustainable
development.
Ironically, the news comes a day after the Korea Meteorological
Administration issued a dust alert for much of South Korea, urging
care for those with respiratory problems.
"We are worried about the creep of environmental problems
— their disrespect of political boundaries — and the way they threaten
to compound and disrupt the functioning of major natural systems,"
said UNEP executive director Klaus Toepfer.
The dust storms are part of a larger trend of increasing natural
disasters, UNEP said. It cited the record heatwave in Europe that
killed thousands last summer, widespread flooding in China that
left millions homeless last July, the recent appearance of a hurricane
in the South Atlantic for the first time, and a record season of
tornadoes in North America.
The cost of damage from dust storms, hurricanes, tornadoes, and
other weather-related catastrophes topped $60 billion for the first
time last year, according to UNEP.
About 80 percent of such disasters worldwide occur in Asia, affecting
1.7 million people and inflicting $369 billion in damage from 1991-2001.
UNEP is working with governments and the Asian Development Bank
on a $1 million early-warning system for dust and sand storms in
the region. The system will use a network of monitoring stations
to standardize data.
Recent research shows that dust storms originating from the Sahara
Desert trigger algae infestations of coral reefs as far away as
the Caribbean Sea. Those sands pose less of a risk to human health
because they are relatively cleaner than the Asian variety, UNEP
spokesman Nick Nuttall said.
Source: Associated Press
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